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--Masks with at least 2 to 3 layers of fabric. As a general guide, the material should not be saw-through when held against light.

--Layers should preferably be made with different fabrics, including:

-- Water-repellant outer layer

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Face masks with good filtering efficiency help prevent people who have Pandemic Flu from spreading the virus to others by acting as a "source control". Wearing a mask in public places limits exposure to respiratory droplets and large particles and reduces the risk of community spread of infection. This is especially relevant for asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infected wearers who feel well and may be unaware that they are infectious.

Surgical masks offer high filtration efficiency, adequate breathability and reasonable fluid penetration resistance. Their performance characteristics are tested according to a set of standardised test methods based on international standards such as ASTM F2100, EN 14683, Singapore Standard SS 669 series or equivalent to verify that they meet prescribed requirements for bacterial filtration efficiency (at least 95%), breathability, splash resistance etc.

All surgical masks manufactured by these licensed facilities are also required to comply with relevant international standards such as ASTM F2100, EN 14683, Singapore Standard SS 669 series, or equivalent and are required to be tested to meet a minimum bacterial filtration efficiency of 95% or higher.

To improve access to good quality and safe masks, HSA has worked closely with companies who applied to set up local manufacturing facilities for surgical masks. We have supported these facilities to comply with international standards of manufacturing quality and ensuring that their masks are tested to be safe and effective. To date, we have licensed 26 mask manufacturing facilities to meet our local demand for surgical masks.

In January 2020, during the early phase of the novel coronavirus pandemic, there was only one licensed local manufacturing facility for surgical masks in Singapore. Majority of surgical masks for local use were being imported from overseas. Due to the surge in global demand for these masks and disruption in global supply chains, there was shortage of supply of masks locally.

To meet local needs, HSA implemented an Exemption Order under our regulations in January 2020 to allow for more companies to import and distribute masks, without importer's licence during the pandemic. This broadened the source for masks available for our local population during the critical period.

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Please note that this advisory focuses on masks used by consumers in general and does not include N95 and other respirators.

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